The process of working with and through others to achieve organizational goals is …………….. A. Supervising
B. Planning
C. Management
D. Organizing
2. The process of setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called ……………..
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Directing
D. Controlling
3. The process of grouping tasks and assigning them to people is called ……………..
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Directing
4. The process of guiding and motivating employees to meet an organization’s objectives is called ……………..
A. Controlling
B. Organizing
C. Directing
D. Staffing
5. The process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action is called ……………..
A. Controlling
B. Directing
C. Staffing
D. Planning
6. Which of the following is not a function of management?
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Marketing
D. Controlling
7. The act of bringing together the right number and kind of people to fill positions in an organization is called ……………..
A. Staffing
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Planning
8. The process of determining an organization’s objectives and deciding how to accomplish them is ……………..
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Directing
D. Staffing
9. A plan that covers one year or less is called ……………..
A. Strategic plan
B. Long-term plan
C. Short-term plan
D. Contingency plan
10. Plans developed for activities that are unlikely to be repeated in the future are called ……………..
A. Standing plans
B. Single-use plans
C. Short-term plans
D. Operational plans
11. Which of the following is not a type of plan?
A. Strategic
B. Operational
C. Tactical
D. Commercial
12. The process of assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, and allocating resources is ……………..
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Directing
13. The grouping of jobs and people into work units is called ……………..
A. Planning
B. Departmentalization
C. Staffing
D. Directing
14. The line of authority that moves from the top of the hierarchy to the lowest level is called ……………..
A. Chain of command
B. Unity of command
C. Span of control
D. Authority
15. The number of people reporting directly to a manager is called ……………..
A. Chain of command
B. Span of control
C. Unity of command
D. Authority
16. The obligation to carry out assigned tasks is called ……………..
A. Authority
B. Responsibility
C. Accountability
D. Delegation
17. The right to make decisions and give orders is called ……………..
A. Authority
B. Responsibility
C. Accountability
D. Delegation
18. The duty to report and justify outcomes to those above in the chain of command is called ……………..
A. Authority
B. Responsibility
C. Accountability
D. Delegation
19. The process of assigning part of a manager’s work and authority to subordinates is called ……………..
A. Authority
B. Responsibility
C. Accountability
D. Delegation
20. Which of the following is not a type of authority?
A. Line authority
B. Staff authority
C. Functional authority
D. Administrative authority
21. Decision-making is a part of which function of management?
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Directing
22. The process of choosing among alternative courses of action is called ……………..
A. Decision-making
B. Planning
C. Organizing
D. Directing
23. Which of the following is not a step in decision-making?
A. Identifying the problem
B. Generating alternatives
C. Avoiding the problem
D. Choosing the best alternative
24. A decision that is routine and repetitive, and can be handled by established rules, is called ……………..
A. Programmed decision
B. Non-programmed decision
C. Strategic decision
D. Tactical decision
25. A decision taken to solve a problem that is new or unusual is called ……………..
A. Programmed decision
B. Non-programmed decision
C. Strategic decision
D. Routine decision
26. A decision affecting the long-term direction of an organization is called ……………..
A. Programmed decision
B. Non-programmed decision
C. Strategic decision
D. Routine decision
27. A decision taken to implement a specific part of a strategy is called ……………..
A. Programmed decision
B. Non-programmed decision
C. Strategic decision
D. Tactical decision
28. A decision relating to day-to-day operations is called ……………..
A. Programmed decision
B. Non-programmed decision
C. Strategic decision
D. Operational decision
29. The first step in decision-making is ……………..
A. Identifying the problem
B. Choosing the best alternative
C. Generating alternatives
D. Implementing the decision
30. Which of the following is not a factor affecting decision-making?
A. Time
B. Information
C. Gossip
D. Resources
31. The stage in decision-making where you choose from the available alternatives is ……………..
A. Analyzing the problem
B. Choosing the best alternative
C. Evaluating the decision
D. Identifying the problem
32. Decision-making starts with ……………..
A. Choosing the best alternative
B. Evaluating the decision
C. Implementing the decision
D. Identifying the problem
33. A decision taken without thinking carefully about the consequences can best be described as ………………
A. Planned decision
B. Programmed decision
C. Impulsive decision
D. Strategic decision
34. Which of the following is not one of the types of decisions in management?
A. Programmed
B. Routine
C. Non-programmed
D. Irregular
35. Which of the following is not a principle of decision-making?
A. Involve all those affected
B. Use past experience to guide you
C. Rely on one source of information
D. Be flexible
36. The process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate for a job is ……………..
A. Selection
B. Recruitment
C. Placement
D. Appointment
37. The process of choosing the most suitable candidate from those recruited is called …………….
A. Placement
B. Selection
C. Appointment
D. Recruitment
38. Which of these is not a method of external recruitment?
A. Employment agencies
B. Job fairs
C. Promotions
D. Newspaper advertisements
39. The act of assigning a job or position to an employee within the organization is called …………….
A. Recruitment
B. Selection
C. Placement
D. Appointment
40. Training of employees in the skills they need for present jobs is known as …………….
A. Development
B. Induction
C. On-the-job training
D. Orientation
41. Which of the following is not a type of training?
A. On-the-job
B. Vestibule
C. Internship
D. Appraisal
42. Which of the following is not a type of appraisal?
A. Peer appraisal
B. 360-degree appraisal
C. Management by objectives
D. Counseling
43. The appraisal method in which performance is measured against specific objectives agreed upon by both employee and manager is called …………….
A. Critical incident method
B. Management by objectives
C. Rating scale
D. Ranking method
44. The process of influencing others to achieve set goals is …………….
A. Directing
B. Planning
C. Leadership
D. Organizing
45. Which of the following is not a leadership style?
A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Laissez-faire
D. Bureaucratic
46. The leadership style in which the leader makes all the decisions without consulting others is …………….
A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Laissez-faire
D. Bureaucratic
47. The type of leader who leaves group members to make decisions and work on their own is …………….
A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Laissez-faire
D. Bureaucratic
48. Which of the following is not a source of power for a leader?
A. Expert power
B. Reward power
C. Referent power
D. Friendship
49. The process of ensuring that actual performance conforms to planned performance is called …………….
A. Controlling
B. Coordinating
C. Directing
D. Organizing
50. The final step in the controlling process is …………….
A. Setting performance standards
B. Taking corrective action
C. Measuring actual performance
D. Comparing performance with standards
51. Reporting is not just about giving stakeholders needed
information, but more importantly, it is about………………
A. accountability
B. cooperating
C. motivation
D. supervising
52. Budgeting has to do with all the following except………….
A. Accounting.
B. Consultancy.
C. Financial control.
D. fiscal planning.
53. Which of the following cannot be regarded as one of the goals of
appraisal?
A. Find out the validity of the recruitment and selection processes
B. Improve performance of the system and that of the individual.
C. Place the individual in the organization where he can render
effective service.
D. Show the effectiveness of the head or leader in managing the
organization.
54. The headmaster in vetting her teachers’ lesson notes clearly guided
them because of her knowledge and expertise. This relates to having
…………………skill.
A. academic
B. conceptual
C. human
D. technical
55. By serving under a seasoned administrator, one can learn the skills
needed to manage an organization.
A. False
B. True
56. Which of the following is not one of the economic resources (inputs)
in the form necessary for the production of goods and or rendering of services?
A. Machines
B. Market
C. Men
D. Money
57. Which of the following is a characteristic of a formal organization?
A. Hierarchy of authority does not exist.
B. It is characterized by personal relationships.
C. Methods of coping with problems of the organization are not
defined.
D. The life span is longer than that of its actors.
58. Which of these is true about the line organizational chart? It depicts
the line of ………
A. Employees are responsible for achieving the basic objectives of an
organization.
B. Horizontal communication within an organization.
C. The relationship between line and staff in an organization.
D. staff who play a supporting role in an organization.
59. It is an informal group constituted by the principal of the college, her
vice principal, and the senior housemaster. This best represents a
………………. clique.
A. diagonal
B. horizontal
C. mixed
D. vertical
60. Organizations live longer than the individual actors within them.
A. False
B. True
1. The school management has come out with a new policy to address the
problem of absenteeism. In this case, in which context is management
used?
A. As a concept
B. As a discipline
C. As a group of people
D. As a process
2. Which of the following is not a management function?
A. Coordinating
B. Directing
C. Planning
D. Teaching
3. Management as an art suggests that, it is guided by some principles and
consists of organized body of knowledge
A. False
B. True
4. Effective management ensures maximum production at minimum cost.
A. False
B. True
5. Management a science suggests that, it is based on systematic body of
knowledge.
A. False
B. True
6. Which of these best describes administration?
A. The planning and formulation of policies or programmes to achieve
goals.
B. The process of planning, organizing, coordinating and evaluating
human and material resources in order to achieve stated
organizational goals.
C. The use of human and material resources available in an
organization.
D. The monitoring of subordinates to ensure organizational discipline,
productivity and achievement of stated organizational goals.
7. All these are part of the acronym “POSDCoRB” except
A. Coordinating
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Recruiting
8. In the school, appointing house masters, heads of department and
providing them the resources they need to function effectively, relates
to ………………….
A. Co-ordinating
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Planning
9. According to the American school of thought, management is a wider
concept than administration.
A. False
B. True
10. In relation to the differences between management and administration,
in Ghana, we subscribe to the British school of thought,
A. False
B. True
61. It involves working within defined guidelines to achieve educational
goals. This best relates to ……………..
A. administration
B. Educational administration
C. Educational management
D. Management
62. It is responsible for formulating educational policies rules and
regulations. This best describes………………….
A. educational administration.
B. educational management.
C. educational leadership.
D. operational leadership.
63. The headmaster of a school basically implements policies of
management.
A. False
B. True
64. Compared to military administration, educational administration deals
more directly and intimately with people.
A. False
B. True
65. The raw materials of the school are human beings who need not be
treated differently from the raw materials of a factory.
A. False
B. True
66. In the school, as we draw a timetable to avoid clashes we will be ……
A. co-ordinating
B. directing
C. organizing
D. planning
67. Which administrative process allows the head to interrelate or
harmonise issues?
A. Co-ordinating
B. Organizing
C. Planning
D. Reporting
68. Which administrative process constitutes a set of decisions for action in
the future?
A. Co-ordinating
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Planning
69. Which of the following management functions is the same as leading?
A. Co-ordinating
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Planning
70. The headteacher who compares the performance of his staff in relation
to the goals of the school in order to take corrective actions needed
could be said to be performing the management/administrative function
of controlling.
A. False
B. True
Essay Questions
- Define administration and management. Discuss three similarities and three differences between them in the context of school leadership.
- Explain the POSDCoRB framework and analyse its relevance in the administration of an inclusive Junior High School.
- Describe four main duties of a headteacher in an inclusive basic school and explain how they contribute to effective school management.
- Compare and contrast the Scientific Management Approach and the Human Resource Approach in educational administration.
- Discuss three leadership theories and explain how each can be applied to improve school-community relationships.
- Identify and explain four barriers to effective communication in schools. Suggest strategies to overcome them.
- Discuss the importance of clinical supervision in improving teacher performance and student learning outcomes.
- Explain the concept of school climate and discuss three ways it can be improved in an inclusive Junior High School.
- Highlight and explain at least five key professional ethics that every teacher must uphold to be a good role model in the school and community.
